Minggu, 19 Februari 2012
Kamis, 16 Februari 2012
Top 15 Misconceptions about Evolution
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15. Evolution is a theory about the origin of life
The theory of evolution primarily deals with the manner in which life has changedafter its origin. While science is interested in the origins of life (for example the composition of the primeval sludge from which life might have come) but these are not issues covered in the area of evolution. What is known is that regardless of the start, at some point life began to branch off. Evolution is, therefore, dedicated to the study of those processes.
14. Organisms are always getting better
While it is a fact that natural selection weeds out unhealthy genes from the gene pool, there are many cases where an imperfect organism has survived. Some examples of this are fungi, sharks, crayfish, and mosses – these have all remained essentially the same over a great period of time. These organisms are all sufficiently adapted to their environment to survive without improvement.
Other taxa have changed a lot, but not necessarily for the better. Some creatures have had their environments changed and their adaptations may not be as well suited to their new situation. Fitness is linked to their environment, not to progress.
13. Evolution means that life changed ‘by chance’
In fact, natural selection is not random. Many aquatic animals need speed to survive and reproduce – the creatures with that ability are more suited to their environment and are more likely to survive natural selection. In turn, they will produce more offspring with the same traits and the cycle continues. The idea that evolution occurs by chance does not take the entire picture in to account.
12. Natural selection involves organisms ‘trying’ to adapt
Organisms do not “try” to adapt – it is natural selection that enables various members of a group to survive and reproduce. Genetic adaptation is entirely outside of the power of the developing organism.
11. Natural selection gives organisms what they ‘need.’
Natural selection has no “intelligence” – it can not tell what a species needs. If a population has genetic variants that are more suited to their environment, they will reproduce more in the next generation and the population will evolve. If a genetic variant is not present, the population will most likely do – or it will survive with little evolutionary change.
10. Evolution is ‘just’ a theory
Scientifically speaking, a theory is a well substantiated idea that explains aspects of the natural world. Unfortunately other definitions of theory (such as a “guess” or a “hunch”) cause a great deal of confusion in the non-scientific world when dealing with the sciences. They are, in fact, two very different concepts.
9. Evolution is a Theory in Crisis
There is no debate in science as to whether or not evolution occurred – there is, however, debate over how it happened. The minutiae of the process is vigorously debated which can cause anti-evolutionists to believe that the theory is in crisis. Evolution is sound science and is treated as such by scientists worldwide.
8. Gaps in the Fossil Record Disprove Evolution
Actually, many transitional fossils do exist – for example, there are fossils of transitional organisms between modern birds and their dinosaur ancestors, as well as whales and their land mammal ancestors. There are many transitional forms that have not been preserved, but that is simply because some organisms do not fossilize well or exist in conditions that do not allow for the process of fossilization. Science predicts that there will be gaps in the record for many evolutionary changes. This does not disprove the theory.
7. Evolutionary Theory is Incomplete
Evolutionary science is a work in progress. Science is constantly making new discoveries with regard to it and explanations are always adjusted if necessary. Evolutionary theory is like all of the other sciences in this respect. Science is always trying to improve our knowledge. At present, evolution is the only well-supported explanation for all of life’s diversity.
6. The Theory is Flawed
Science is an extremely competitive field – if any flaws were discovered in evolutionary theory they would be quickly corrected. All of the alleged flaws that creationists put forth have been investigated careful by scientists and they simply do not hold water. They are usually based on misunderstandings of the theory or misrepresentation of the evidence.
5. Evolution is not science because it is not observable
Evolution is observable and testable. The confusion here is that people think science is limited to experiments in laboratories by white-coated technicians. In fact, a large amount of scientific information is gathered from the real world. Astronomers can obviously not physically touch the objects they study (for example stars and galaxies), yet a great deal of knowledge can be gained through multiple lines of study. This is true also of evolution. It is also true that there are many mechanisms of evolution that can be, and are studied through direct experimentation as with other sciences.
4. Most Biologists have rejected Darwinism
Scientists do not reject Darwin’s theories, they have modified it over time as more knowledge has been discovered. Darwin considered that evolution proceeds at a deliberate, slow pace – but in fact it has now been discovered that it can proceed at a rapid pace under some circumstances. There has not been, so far, a credible challenge to the basic principles of Darwin’s theory. Scientists have improved and expanded on Darwin’s original theory of natural selection – it has not been rejected, it has been added to.
3. Evolution Leads to Immoral Behavior
All animal species have a set of behaviors that they share with other members of their species. Slugs act like slugs, dogs act like dogs, and humans act like humans. It is preposterous to presume that a child will begin to behave like another creature when they discover that they are related to them. It is nonsensical to link evolution to immoral or inappropriate behavior.
2. Evolution Supports “Might Makes Right”
In the 19th and early 20th century, a philosophy called “Social Darwinism” sprung up from misguided attempts to apply biological evolution to society. This philosophy said that society should allow the weak to fail and die, and that not only is this an ideal situation, but a morally right one. This enabled prejudices to be rationalized and ideas such as the poor deserved their situation due to being less fit were very popular. This was a misappropriation of science. Social Darwinism has, thankfully, been repudiated. Biological evolution has not.
1. Teachers Should Teach Both Sides
There are tens of thousands of different religious views concerning creation. It is simply impossible for all of these views to be presented. Furthermore, none of the theories are based in science and therefore have no place in a science classroom. In a science class, students can debate where a creature branched off in the tree of life, but it is not right to argue a religious belief in a science class. The “fairness” argument is often used by groups attempting to inject their religious dogmas in to the scientific curricula.
This list was inspired by the brilliant Berkeley, Evolution 101 FAQ.
Selasa, 14 Februari 2012
TOP 10 WITNESSES WHO DIED SUDDENLY
Psychopathy: a lack of interest in, or care for, the sanctity of human life. Sociopathy: a lack of interest in, or care for, the rules of a society. Malignant narcissism: pathological grandiosity, lacking in conscience and behavioral regulation, characterized by joyful cruelty and sadism.
Ted Bundy
Several of the entries on this list have made previous lists, and so detailed accounts of what makes them infamous need not be lengthy. Bundy’s crimes are well known on the surface, but what has routinely escaped the public mind is that after he raped, brutally beat, and strangled women to death – all chosen completely at random – he then returned to the scenes of his crimes and had sex over and over with the corpses until putrefaction forced him to stop. This takes the better part of an entire day.
One of the few times he did not engage in necrophilia was during the early morning hours of January 15, 1978, when he found a broken lock on the back door of the Chi Omega sorority house off the campus of Florida State University. The fact that he found this broken lock, which was recorded as broken and due to be replaced, indicates not that he knew it was there, but that he was on the prowl for any place where there were a lot of women. Women were toys to him. Targets.
He went in and bludgeoned four women, two of them to death, the other three so severely that they suffered broken jaws, missing teeth, bite marks on their buttocks, nipples ripped off, concussions and dislocated shoulders. He rammed a bottle into one woman’s vagina. He did not rape any of them, but left the building, probably when the commotion woke others, and broke into the apartment of another female FSU student 8 blocks away, raped her, and beat her so severely that he fractured her skull in five places. This permanently ended her ballet career.
Bundy was a wild animal, knew it, and felt no remorse about it. He never stopped lying about his crimes right to the end, despite airtight evidence to the contrary. This pathological desire to deceive indicates that he had no regrets except that he had been caught. He confessed several times in prison interviews up to the date of his execution, 7:16 AM, January 24, 1989, but during his last walk, he called loudly to all those within earshot that his confessions were only desperation, and that he had not done anything of which he had been convicted. The two murders cited above are only 2 of at least 30 women he beat, raped and tortured, for the dual purpose of enjoying himself and controlling all he could of society.
Dean Arnold Corll
Whereas Bundy exclusively targeted women, Corll exclusively targeted teenaged boys. He worked from 1965 to 1968 in his family’s Houston candy company, giving him his horrid nickname, “The Candy Man.” He plied many of his victims with free candy, and also free alcohol and marijuana. His rampage lasted from 1970 to 1973, during which time he befriended two wayward accomplices, David Brooks and Elmer Henley.
For those 3+ years in Houston, TX, Corll sought out and murdered 28 boys aged 13 to 20, by offering them rides in his van to go smoke weed or drink. Once in his apartment, he, Brooks and/or Henley would drug the boy till he passed out, then tie him to a plywood board Corll made for the sole purpose of torturing these boys.
He raped them, beat them savagely, encouraged his accomplices to do the same, even though they were never enthusiastic about it, and sexually assaulted them by a variety of methods. Corll especially enjoyed chewing the victims’ genitals to mush. He castrated several. Even more than that, had glass rods inserted up their urethras and smashed with hammers. Corll drew out their torture as long as he could, sometimes for 3 days, before strangling them or shooting them with a .22 pistol.
They were buried in various places, including a boat shed and Bolivar Peninsula. Corll was not caught by the police, who were frantically trying to pattern the explosion of missing persons throughout the city. Corll did not seem to have a pattern, however, picking boys up wherever he saw them. Elmer Henley claimed later that he could no longer stomach what Corll did, a sentiment shared by Brooks, and when Henley attempted to get himself a life by finding a girlfriend, Rhonda Williams, Corll responded with irate fury, threatening to kill her and Henley.
Henley managed to pacify him by stating that Williams would only stay until her father sobered up. This seemed to calm Corll, who was looking forward to torturing and killing his next victim, Timothy Kerley, who was already in Corll’s home, drinking and smoking. When all three teenagers passed out, they woke up, handcuffed. Henley saved himself by promising to join in the torture. Corll agreed, and forced Henley to rape his prospective girlfriend, while Corll raped and bit Kerley. Henley could not bring himself to do so, and managed to get Corll’s pistol from him. He shot Corll to death while he was in the process of raping Kerley. They then called the police and the Houston Mass Murders came to light, the worst serial killing spree in national history at that point.
Robert John Maudsley
You may not know who he is, but if you saw his prison cell in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England, you would instantly recognize that he was Thomas Harris’ primary inspiration for Dr. Hannibal Lecter. As described in the novels and in the Anthony Hopkins films, the cell is solitary confinement, underground, through multiple, locked checkpoints with armed guards, and the Prison officials take such care to secure Maudsley because he is, in reality, no less the monster that Hannibal Lecter is.
He is not as smart or well educated as the character based on him, but he is the pristine definition of a pure sociopath. He has absolutely zero interest in either the sanctity of human life, or the rules of any society. He does not kill for enjoyment, at least as determined by his many psychological evaluators. He kills because he feels it is his duty. The very presence of another person obliges Maudsley to desire to kill that person, and to try if he thinks he can succeed.
Although it certainly doesn’t justify what he did, Maudsley’s sociopathy stems from being beaten horribly by both parents throughout most of his childhood. He claims to have been raped by his father, before social services rescued him. By then it was too late. He was incarcerated for strangling a man who attempted to pick him up for sex, then showed him pictures of children the man had sexually abused.
While in Broadmoor Hospital for the Criminally Insane, surrounded by pedophiles, he decided to take it on himself to kill as many of them as he could. He and another inmate captured one pedophile and locked themselves in his cell, where they tortured him for an hour, breaking all his arms and legs, castrating him, and finally smashing his skull open, killing him. Maudsley then got the nickname “Hannibal the Cannibal” when he ate some of the prisoner’s brain with a spoon.
This incident got him transferred to Wakefield, “the Monster Mansion,” where all the very worst, most violent prisoners in the UK are held. One day in 1978, he lured a rapist named Salney Darwood into his cell, where he stabbed and strangled him. He hid the body and attempted to repeat his tactic, but no other inmate wanted to enter his cell. Several of them testified that they “saw death in his eyes.”
Maudsley would not be deterred, walking around the prison until he found a random prisoner alone, stabbed him and bashed his head against a wall, then walked into the guardroom and gave them the shank he used. “Your next roll will be two men short,” he said. The guards stated that he smiled and laughed a little as he walked out. Since then, he has been kept in his “Silence of the Lambs” cell.
Guards, and even the other inmates, are terrified of him escaping. Once, in 1984, when a new guard attempted to open his cell, Maudsley snickered and said, “Look, if you come in here, I’m going to have to kill you. It’s not personal. I don’t hate you and I’m not angry. It’s just something I’ll have to do.” The guard quit his job and visited a psychiatrist. The prison’s psychiatric experts have labeled Maudsley “100% psychopath. He only regards the rules of society because, in his case, those rules are made of brick.”
Josef Rudolf Mengele
Unfortunately, the entries will only get worse. Mengele, like most of the entries to come, not only had no regard for the rules of a society, or the sanctity of human life, he had no law enforcement to elude. He was nicknamed “the Angel of Death” and “the White Angel” by the Jews who last saw him, wearing a white lab coat and directing tens of thousands to their deaths in the Auschwitz gas chambers, while many others were directed to the work camp.
Mengele used Nazi rule and state-enforced oppression of Jews and other “undesirables” to satisfy a patently sadistic, perverse bloodlust. He was morbidly interested in identical twins, and wanted to see if hurting one would cause the other to hurt (it doesn’t, at least not physically). He oversaw, and personally engaged in, the torture and murder of thousands of men, women and children, all under the excuse of medical research.
Auschwitz survivor, Alex Dekel, stated firmly that Mengele was not even attempting to study medicine with any of his disgusting cruelty. The haphazard techniques and methods he employed indicate that he just enjoyed the power he had over people, enjoyed hurting them, and felt more like God every day, as the War progressed. He supervised the amputation of thousands of limbs, injected children’s eyes with caustic chemicals to try to change their color, and personally performed vivisections on numerous victims, eviscerating, castrating, skinning them, and cutting out their organs in various orders to see how long they would live without this one or that one.
He never once used anesthesia on any of his victims, and the excuse was always the same: the anesthesia was needed by German soldiers. Mengele deliberately broke children’s legs, let them heal, then broke them again, and so on, to see how many times a bone could be broken before it would not heal. He escaped Europe in 1949, under a false identity and lived in obscurity in Argentina, a hunted man until his death by drowning, from a stroke, while swimming in the ocean on February 7, 1979.
He proved that he was not sorry for anything he had done when he wrote a letter to an acquaintance in Argentina, in which he stated his disgust with Albert Speer for expressing remorse over the Holocaust.
Herod the Great
The Bible is not the only literature we have of Herod’s crimes. He gave himself the nickname “the Great.” The Bible gives details of his life and character, as does Titus Flavius Josephus. Both agree that he slaughtered thousands of people at whims, whenever he felt his rule threatened. It wasn’t even his rule, really, since he was king of Judea while Judea was a Roman province. He answered to the Roman Emperor.
When his councilors informed him, circa 9-4 BC, of a Jewish prophecy of a young male child being born around Bethlehem who would take away Herod’s power, Herod responded matter-of-factly by massacring all the male children 2 years old and younger throughout the region around Bethlehem. The Bible states that Jesus, 2 years old or younger, was saved by his parents through divine intervention, and they fled to Egypt until after Herod died.
Josephus details more of his utter immorality. As he was dying of old age, Herod became more and more paranoid of everything, afraid of dying and losing all his power. He knew that all of Judea hated him passionately, so to force Judea to mourn after his death, he invited thousands of rabbis to Jerusalem under some pretense, then had them taken captive. Upon his death, they were to be slaughtered. When he died, his sister Salome (not the Salome who had John the Baptist beheaded) and his son Archilaus contravened this order and set the rabbis free, fearing that killing them would be “more than a little impolitic.”
But God got Herod back, if you believe in God. The Bible states that his death was due to extraordinarily vile diseases, and Josephus corroborates this. He suffered from chronic nephritis throughout his life, complicated by diabetes from obesity, Fournier’s gangrene, which causes the entire groin area to rot, and scabies, also called “the Seven Year Itch.” The scabies produced grotesque ballooning and worms in his scrotum, and a nauseating stench from his genitals. He most likely died of kidney failure.
sumber : listverse
sumber : listverse
10 Gambar kontroversial
Definisi resmi dari kontroversi adalah masalah yang melibatkan sengketa masyarakat lama atau perdebatan. Kontroversi biasanya menyangkut masalah pendapat dan dapat melibatkan berbagai topik termasuk sejarah dunia, agama, filsafat, politik, ekonomi, ilmu pengetahuan, keuangan, usia, jenis kelamin, dan ras.Di beberapa daerah masalah dunia kontroversial dikatakan mengganggu masyarakat dan tidak dibahas di depan umum. Dalam budaya lain, orang merasa itu adalah tugas mereka untuk memeriksa semua bidang subjek dan membahasnya dengan cara yang beradab.
Sejak penemuan kamera, ratusan gambar kontroversial telah diambil. Artikel ini akan memeriksa 10 gambar yang telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran di media dan menyebabkan perdebatan di internet. Daftar ini tidak mencoba untuk menampilkan sepuluh foto-foto kontroversial teratas dalam sejarah, tapi akan memeriksa koleksi gambar yang belum ditampilkan dalam artikel yang sama. Dalam hal apapun, saya ingin mendengar pendapat anda tentang gambar yang paling kontroversial dalam sejarah.
10
The Lost Tucker
Sedan 1948 Tucker adalah sebuah mobil canggih yang dikembangkan oleh Preston Tucker dan diproduksi pada tahun 1948. Menurut catatan, hanya 51 Tucker sedan dibuat sebelum perusahaan itu dilipat. Desain kendaraan adalah inovatif untuk tahun 1940 dan dibangun untuk keamanan. Para Tucker adalah mobil pertama yang memiliki fitur sabuk pengaman, kaca depan kaca pengaman, dan Cyclops, yang merupakan sistem lampu yang bergeser arah untuk meningkatkan visibilitas untuk mengemudi malam hari. Pada tahun 1949, Corporation Tucker ditertawakan oleh media Amerika dan mengalami serangan balik dari konsumen.Perusahaan ini ditutup di tengah-tengah skandal tuduhan kontroversial sekitar penipuan saham. Pada 2011, 1948 Tucker sedan ini tampil di acara Ini Worth Apa?dan menerima nilai diperkirakan sebesar $ 1.200.000.
Justin Cole adalah orang yang berjalan Klasik benchmark di Middleton, Wisconsin.Dia mengaku memiliki prototipe yang belum selesai hanya dari konversi Tucker.Keaslian kendaraan telah dipertanyakan oleh kolektor mobil klasik dari seluruh dunia. Legenda mengatakan bahwa konversi itu rahasia, off-the-buku prototipe dikenal sebagai "Vera Project," yang dikembangkan oleh Preston Tucker dan nama istrinya. Namun, Alex Tremulis, yang merancang sedan Tucker, telah mengklaim bahwa konversi itu bukan proyek pabrik, resmi atau tidak resmi. Justin Cole mengacu pada konversi sebagai Tucker # 57 dan mengatakan jumlah pabrik dari 57 yang tertera pada panel bodi.
Pada tahun 2010, Justin Cole berusaha untuk menjual convertible Tucker di lelang Russo dan Steele di Scottsdale. Penawaran ini mencapai harga $ 1,4 juta, tapi tidak memenuhi harga cadangan. Mobil itu juga tercantum di ebay pada tahun 2010, di mana penawaran mendekati $ 900.000, tapi sekali lagi tidak memenuhi cadangan. Kendaraan ini masih terdaftar untuk dijual di website benchmark dan memiliki sebuah galeri besar foto. Mobil ini memiliki desain Tucker jelas dan konversi konversi bersih. Posisi Tucker Automobile Club of America adalah bahwa kendaraan telah dikonversi setelah perusahaan keluar dari bisnis.
9
Sowoneul Malhaebwa (Genie) Cover
Girls 'Generation adalah sembilan anggota Korea Selatan pop gadis kelompok yang dibentuk pada tahun 2007. Mereka saat ini penjualan atas Korea gadis band di dunia. Pada musim panas 2009, kelompok ambil bagian dalam pemotretan kontroversial dengan tema militer. Salah satu gambar dari tunas dipilih untuk mini album penutup Sowoneul band Malhaebwa (Genie). Segera setelah rilis album, kontroversi meletus atas penutup. Dalam gambar, pesawat bisa dilihat banyak orang yang merasa adalah replika langsung dari Nol pesawat tempur Jepang A6M, yang digunakan oleh Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang Air Service di Perang Dunia II. Orang juga melihat bahwa pakaian militer, medali, dan topi yang dikenakan oleh gadis-gadis menyerupai Reich Ketiga.
Dalam satu contoh, lambang elang digunakan pada topi anak perempuan sangat menyerupai lambang Partai Nazi. Menanggapi tuduhan itu, SM Entertainment menyatakan: "Kami menggunakan ikon militer di sampul album, tapi itu dipahami dan dimengerti dengan cara yang tidak kita harapkan, jadi kami berencana untuk menghapusnya dan menempatkan ikon dari Korea Selatan jet supersonik T-50 "Di masa depan., Girls 'Generation harus lebih berhati-hati menggunakan gambar yang diambil dari Nazi dan Kamikaze lencana. Terlepas dari kontroversi, Sowoneul Malhaebwa (Genie) mencapai # 1 kurang dari 24 jam setelah rilis.
8
Thomas Hoepker’s 9/11 Photo
Thomas Hoepker adalah fotografer kelahiran Jerman dan anggota Magnum Photos.Pada tanggal 11 September 2001, Hoepker berada di New York ketika World Trade Center diserang. Hoepker ditangkap ratusan foto dari kerusakan, tetapi satu yang mencolok. Foto menunjukkan koleksi Amerika bersantai dan menikmati percakapan sedangkan Twin Towers terbakar di latar belakang. Hoepker tidak mempublikasikan gambar selama lima tahun karena ia prihatin dengan pesan.Pada tahun 2006, gambar menimbulkan kontroversi di media Amerika. The New York Times menerbitkan sebuah artikel mengklaim gambar menunjukkan kegagalan Amerika untuk belajar dari hari yang tragis, atau untuk mengubah dan mereformasi sebagai bangsa.
"Orang-orang muda di foto Mr Hoepker adalah belum tentu berperasaan (sensitive).Mereka hanya Amerika "Ini adalah negara yang suka bergerak, dan cepat.. Orang-orang di foto itu telah merespon kepada media dengan mengatakan bahwa mereka berada di Mereka telah diejek Hoepker mengatakan bahwa ia mengambil gambar tanpa izin dan dengan cara yang salah mengartikan perasaan mereka "keadaan mendalam terkejut dan tidak percaya.". Apapun masalahnya, foto didirikan sebagai salah satu gambar yang mendefinisikan 9/11 dan masih kontroversial di mata banyak orang.
7
Sochi Six
Pada akhir Perang Dunia II, Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet ditangkap banyak koleksi rahasia Jerman, termasuk informasi mengenai program roket Jerman.Teknologi ini memicu Race Ruang (1957-1975) antara Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet. Di setiap negara, kelompok memilih individu dipilih sebagai astronot pertama. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, orang-orang ini dirahasiakan dari publik.Contoh yang baik adalah lahir Rusia Grigori Nelyubov astronot. Sedikit yang diketahui tentang Nelyubov, tapi dia mungkin orang ketiga atau keempat untuk melakukan perjalanan ke ruang angkasa sebelum pemecatannya dari program luar angkasa Soviet pada April 1963, untuk melakukan teratur. Setelah pemecatannya, semua informasi tentang kehidupan Nelyubov yang terserang dari catatan Soviet.
Gambar Grigori Nelyubov ini telah dihapus dari koleksi foto terkenal, termasuk gambar Enam Sochi, yang menunjukkan anggota kelas atas asli Soviet kosmonot.Anime ini telah menyebabkan banyak koleksi teori konspirasi tentang kosmonot hilang dan penerbangan antariksa dilaporkan. Pada tahun 1966, Nelyubov bunuh diri. Dari tahun 1961 sampai 1972, sedikitnya delapan mantan kosmonot Rusia diketahui telah meninggal. Para Sochi Enam gambar secara resmi dirilis di tahun 1970 dan penipuan itu hanya ditemukan setelah manajer berita Rusia kehilangan jejak yang versi gambar mereka sudah diterbitkan. Fakery telah menyebabkan beberapa untuk label string Uni Soviet dari kemenangan ruang atas Amerika Serikat pada 1950-an dan awal 1960-an sebagai rangkaian pemalsuan. Saya telah menyertakan Sochi asli Enam foto sebelum Nelyubov telah dihapus. Dia adalah orang tertinggi dalam gambar.
6
Samar Hassan
Chris Hondros adalah seorang Amerika Hadiah Pulitzer dinominasikan fotografer perang. Pada tahun 2005, ia berkunjung ke Irak untuk menutupi perang. Pada tanggal 18 Januari 2005, Hondros berada di Tal Afar ketika ia menyaksikan mobil yang gagal untuk berhenti di sebuah pos pemeriksaan AS. Tentara AS menjadi khawatir seorang pembom bunuh diri dan menembaki mobil membunuh kedua orang tua dan melukai salah satu dari lima anak mereka. Hondros mendekati tempat kejadian dan menangkap gambar dari 5 tahun Samar Hassan cipratan dalam darah orang tuanya. Setelah foto itu diterbitkan, dengan cepat menimbulkan kontroversi dan tersebar di seluruh dunia. Banyak yang merasa gambar adalah gambar yang paling ikon dari Perang Irak, mirip dengan gadis Vietnam telanjang berteriak dan berjalan setelah serangan napalm. Perang Irak disampaikan beberapa gambar tunggal, sebagian karena terlalu berbahaya bagi fotografer.Militer AS juga menetapkan aturan ketat bagi wartawan.
Pada tahun 2011, Samar Hassan melihat gambar untuk pertama kalinya dan diwawancarai oleh New York Times Timur Tengah. Tentang kejadian tersebut dia mengatakan bahwa keluarganya berada di mobil karena kakaknya sakit dan bahwa mereka kembali dari rumah sakit. Pada tahun 2011, Samar tinggal di pinggiran Mosul di sebuah rumah berlantai dua dengan empat keluarga lainnya, sebagian besar kerabat. Chris Hondros dikutip tentang sekali dalam seumur hidup foto: "Hampir setiap prajurit di Irak telah terlibat dalam beberapa jenis kejadian seperti itu atau yang lain, saya akan mengatakan. Sikap mereka tentang hal itu adalah suram, tapi itu bukan akhir dari dunia mereka "Dilaporkan pada tanggal 20 April 2011, bahwa Chris Hondros dan wartawan foto Tim Hetherington tewas akibat serangan mortir di Misrata ketika meliput perang sipil 2011 Libya. .
5
Mary Moorman JFK Picture
Mary Ann Moorman menjadi saksi pembunuhan Presiden AS John F. Kennedy. Dia terkenal karena fotonya yang menunjukkan JFK sepersekian detik setelah ditembak di kepala. Pada kesempatan tersebut, Moorman berdiri tepat di seberang bukit berumput, sekitar 15 kaki (5 m) dari limusin presiden. Fotonya diambil sekitar seperenam dari satu detik setelah dampak peluru. Gambar itu menimbulkan kontroversi. Beberapa menyatakan telah mengidentifikasi sebanyak empat angka yang berbeda di bukit berumput. Dengan sosok yang paling terkenal menjadi seorang polisi berseragam bernama "orang lencana." Lain mengklaim untuk melihat Gordon Arnold atau seorang pria dengan topi konstruksi keras. Orang juga menunjuk ke warna cahaya diamati selama dinding (sisi kiri), yang terlihat seperti kedokteran foto.
Kisah Gordon Arnold adalah salah satu yang menarik. Pada tahun 1978, Gordon menyatakan bahwa sebelum pembunuhan itu ia dua kali didekati oleh bisnis cocok CIA atau agen Dinas Rahasia yang menuntut bahwa ia bergerak dari balik pagar kayu dari bukit Plaza Dealey berumput. Arnold menyatakan bahwa ia pindah tepat di sebelah selatan pagar kayu dan memfilmkan pembunuhan itu dengan kamera film. Pada kesempatan tersebut, peluru melewati sangat dekat dengan telinga kirinya dan sebagai respon Gordon menyentuh tanah. Ia kemudian didekati oleh seorang petugas bersenjata yang mengenakan seragam polisi Dallas. Pria itu menendang Arnold sementara di tanah dan menuntut film film. Seorang pria bersenjata dengan senapan dan mengenakan seragam polisi Dallas. Dia memakai lensa berwarna kuning "kacamata penembak" dan berdiri dekat dengan menangis, gemetar, dan melambaikan senapannya sekitar.
Gambar Moorman telah ditingkatkan secara digital untuk film dokumenter televisi.Dalam fragmen foto, darah dan otak dapat dilihat meledak ke depan, yang bertentangan dengan teori bahwa tembakan itu datang dari depan. Foto asli Moorman itu tidak pernah disita oleh FBI dan pada tahun 2008 dia menjualnya di ebay seharga $ 175.000. Sebaliknya, gambar kedua diambil oleh Mary Moorman yang menunjukkan jendela lantai enam satu momen Buku Sekolah Penyimpanan Texas sebelum pembunuhan itu hilang. Foto itu disita oleh FBI dan tidak pernah dipublikasikan. Mungkin menunjukkan Lee Harvey Oswald atau siapapun yang mungkin telah menembaki mobil Presiden. Lain foto yang menarik diambil oleh Phillip (nomor 5) detik Willis sebelum tembakan kepala yang fatal. Willis mengatakan dia mengambil gambar setelah dikejutkan dengan suara tembakan, mungkin tembakan pertama. Dalam foto Willis, bukit kecil berumput dapat dilihat dan beberapa telah mengidentifikasi "orang anjing hitam."
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7/7 London Bombings
Pada pagi hari tanggal 7 Juli 2005, empat Islamis rumah-tumbuh teroris meledak serangkaian bom secara berurutan naik kereta bawah tanah London. Secara keseluruhan, 52 orang tewas dalam serangan itu. Para pembom (semua almarhum) yang diidentifikasi sebagai Mohammad Sidique Khan, Shehzad Tanweer, Germaine Lindsay, dan Hasib Hussain. Kelompok ini direkam oleh kamera CCTV memasuki stasiun Luton pada 7/7. Pada tanggal 1 September 2005, dilaporkan bahwa Al-Qaeda secara resmi mengaku bertanggung jawab atas serangan tersebut. Namun, penyelidikan resmi oleh pemerintah Inggris menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab pita mengklaim telah diedit setelah 7 Juli, dan bahwa para pembom tidak memiliki bantuan langsung dari al-Qaeda.
Kurangnya fakta-fakta seputar kasus ini dan waktu yang tidak biasa telah menyebabkan kumpulan teori konspirasi. Editorial surat kabar Beberapa di Iran telah menyalahkan pemboman pada pemerintah Inggris atau Amerika berusaha untuk lebih membenarkan Perang Melawan Teror, dan menyatakan bahwa rencana itu melibatkan pelecehan terhadap Muslim di Eropa. Ada juga teori yang diusulkan mengenai penyerang, termasuk saran bahwa mereka patsies. Salah satu teori yang berpusat pada gambar yang diambil di stasiun Luton. Setelah meneliti foto, kumpulan besar orang menyebutnya palsu.
Beberapa masalah dengan gambar termasuk sejumlah inkonsistensi dengan pagar di belakang gambar. Pagar tampaknya pindah lengan pria itu dan lintang perusahaan tidak berbaris. Orang yang ditampilkan di sisi kanan gambar tidak memiliki wajah yang jelas dan kaki kiri kurus. Seluruh gambar dikembangkan dengan kualitas yang sangat miskin dan tiga dari wajah teroris adalah tidak dapat diidentifikasikan. Foto itu adalah gambar hanya diambil dari empat pembom bersama-sama pada 7/7. Kontroversial, ada gambar CCTV lain, baik diam atau bergerak yang pernah dirilis. Dalam twist yang menarik, foto diberi batas waktu empat detik sebelum 7.22 am, yang akan diberikan para pria hanya tiga menit berjalan menaiki tangga di Luton, membeli tiket mereka, dan pindah ke platform.
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Piss Christ
Andres Serrano adalah seorang fotografer Amerika yang telah menjadi terkenal karena menggunakan kotoran, mayat, dan cairan tubuh dalam karyanya. Serrano dibesarkan dalam keluarga Katolik yang ketat Roma dan Honduras adalah setengah, setengah Afro-Kuba. Pada tahun 1987, dia menciptakan sebuah foto berjudul Piss Kristus. Gambar menggambarkan salib plastik kecil tenggelam dalam sebuah gelas air seni sang artis. Foto itu merupakan bagian dari serangkaian gambar yang menunjukkan patung klasik tenggelam dalam berbagai cairan, termasuk susu, darah air seni, dan. Serrano menerima $ 15.000 untuk foto ini, yang diberikan oleh Endowment Amerika Serikat yang disponsori Nasional untuk Seni.Pada tahun 1989, gambar itu ditampilkan untuk pertama kalinya dan acara tersebut menimbulkan skandal besar. Orang-orang menjadi marah atas gambar dan itu menuduh bahwa pemerintah AS pendanaan Piss Kristus melanggar pemisahan gereja dan negara.Andres Serrano menerima ancaman pembunuhan atas kontroversi dan kehilangan hibah publik. Dia menjawab dengan mengatakan bahwa gambar itu tidak dimaksudkan untuk mencela agama, tetapi menyinggung sebuah mengkomersilkan dirasakan atau murahnya ikon Kristen dalam budaya kontemporer. Pendukung gambar berpendapat bahwa ini adalah masalah kebebasan berbicara. Sebaliknya, yang lain merasa itu adalah tugas mereka untuk menghancurkan gambar jika ditampilkan dalam museum. Pada tahun 1997, sebuah retrospektif kerja Serrano adalah fitur pada National Gallery of Victoria di Melbourne. Selama acara, dua remaja menyerang Piss Kristus dengan palu. Pada tanggal 17 April 2011, cetak Piss Kristus dirusak "diperbaiki" oleh demonstran Kristen saat dipamerkan di Avignon, Perancis.
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Depiction of Muhammad
Catatan ini bukanlah foto tertentu, melainkan penggambaran keseluruhan Muhammad. Pada tanggal 30 September 2005, surat kabar Denmark Jyllands-Posten menerbitkan 12 editorial (politik) kartun yang menggambarkan Nabi Muhammad Islam dalam berbagai situasi. Informasi utama kartun membaca: "Muhammeds ansigt" (Wajah Muhammad). Kartun itu ditarik oleh 12 profesional kartunis di Denmark, sebagian besar yang secara teratur bekerja untuk surat kabar.Setelah kartun diterbitkan, protes meletus Islam di seluruh dunia Muslim dengan lebih dari 100 kematian yang dilaporkan. Kedutaan Denmark di Pakistan dibom dan kedutaan besar di Suriah, Lebanon, dan Iran yang dibom api. Muslim menyerbu bangunan Eropa dan membakar bendera Denmark, Belanda, Norwegia, Perancis, dan Jerman di Kota Gaza.
Surat kabar itu mengumumkan bahwa kartun adalah upaya untuk memberikan kontribusi pada perdebatan tentang kritik Islam dan sensor diri. Contoh lebih lanjut dari gambar-gambar tersebut dicetak ulang di koran-koran di lebih dari 50 negara, yang selanjutnya diperdalam kontroversi. Kritik kartun telah menggambarkan mereka sebagai rasis dan menyakitkan kepada iman Islam. Para pendukung mengklaim kartun menggambarkan isu penting terorisme dan merupakan latihan yang sah dari kebebasan berbicara. Banyak orang di dunia Barat merasa bahwa umat Islam tidak ditargetkan dengan cara yang berbeda dari agama lain, karena tidak menarik kartun tentang Yesus dan Buddha Gautama sering dipublikasikan.
Seluruh masalah ini tercakup dalam dua episode yang terpisah dari South Park, yang terkenal karena penggambaran Yesus. Rupanya, Komedi Tengah telah ragu-ragu untuk memungkinkan gambar Muhammad yang akan ditampilkan pada jaringan sejak kerusuhan dan ancaman dihasilkan dari kartun kontroversial. Setelah Muhammad berat tampil dalam episode South Park 200, pencipta Trey Parker dan Matt Stone menerima ancaman pembunuhan dari organisasi Revolusi Islam.Perdana Menteri Denmark Anders Fogh Rasmussen telah menggambarkan kontroversi kartun Muhammad sebagai terburuk krisis internasional Denmark sejak Perang Dunia II.
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Brooke Shields
Gambar penuh tidak akan disertakan, hanya versi dipotong. Garry Gross adalah fotografer fashion Amerika yang mengkhususkan diri dalam potret anjing. Pada tahun 1975, ia mengambil koleksi gambar yang akan menjadi yang paling kontroversial dalam sejarah. Foto-foto menunjukkan sepuluh tahun Brooke Shields telanjang. Dia berdiri dan duduk di bak mandi, memakai make up, dan tertutup minyak. Foto-foto itu diambil dengan persetujuan ibunya, Teri Shields. Pada saat itu, Garry Gross bekerja pada sebuah proyek berjudul The Woman in Anak, di mana ia ingin mengungkapkan feminitas perempuan prepubescent dengan membandingkannya dengan wanita dewasa. Serial ini pertama kali diterbitkan di majalah Wanita Little, dan kemudian di Gula dan Spice, yang adalah publikasi Pers Playboy.
Pada tahun 1981, Brooke Shields mencoba untuk mencegah penggunaan lebih lanjut foto-foto, tetapi Pengadilan AS memutuskan bahwa ia terikat oleh ketentuan kontrak dan lebih mengejutkan bahwa gambar tidak melanggar hukum pornografi anak. Pada tahun 1992, Amerika seniman Richard Prince yang terkenal dengan karya reproduksi nya, membeli hak untuk gambar. Dia diciptakan kembali gambar dan menyebutnya Pada tahun 1999 "Amerika Rohani.", Versi Pangeran dijual untuk $ 151.000. Tiga tahun lalu cetak telah dihapus dari galeri Tate Modern di London, Inggris. Menanggapi Gary Gross mengatakan: "Foto itu telah terkenal sejak hari aku mengambilnya karena saya dimaksudkan untuk menjadi." Dia kecewa dengan penghapusan, tetapi tidak terkejut dengan keputusan Tate. Pada tahun 2002, kontroversi serupa meletus di London atas gambar yang diambil oleh seniman Swiss Annelies Strba.
sumber : listverse
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